IRNSS (NAVIC)

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About IRNSS:
IRNSS is an independent regional navigation satellite system designed to provide position information in the Indian region and 1500 km around the Indian mainland. Simply put, the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is similar to the GPS (global positioning system) of the US, Glonass of Russia and Galileo of Europe as well as China’s Beidou. It consists of a constellation of seven satellites.
 
Features:
  1. It is a constellation of total 7 satellite launched in space and a ground facility on land to receive signals from space satellites. 3 of its satellite Located in Geostationary orbit and 4 are inclined to geosynchronous orbit. However full NAVIC system has 9 satellite, 2 on ground in standby mode. 
  2. It covers whole India and region surrounding it up to 1500 km. 
  3. It provide accuracy up to 20m as claimed by ISRO. 
  4. Its apogee(farthest point) is 20,657km and Perigee is 284 km
  5. The satellite weighs average 1330 kg approx. and each have solar panels to generate 1400wt.
  6. A master control facility is set up on land to receive signals from these satellites.
 
What areas will it cover?
  1. Primary Service Area: To provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area.
  2. Extended Service Area: It lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle from Latitude 30 deg South to 50 deg North, Longitude 30 deg East to 130 deg East.
 
What all services are provided?
IRNSS would provide two types of services, namely
  1. Standard Positioning Services available to all users and
  2. Restricted Services provided to authorised users. (Encrypted)
 
Significance:
  1. India became one of the 5 countries having their own navigation system like GPS of USA, GLONASS of Russia, Galileo of Europe and BeiDu of China. So India dependence on other countries for navigation purposes reduces.
  2. It give real time information for 2 services i.e standard positioning service open for civilian use and Restricted service which may be encrypted for authorised user like for military. Currently we uses GPS system of USA for navigation.
  3. It will help to mitigate the disaster effects by providing information of disaster timing, safe location and also help the disaster relief management to make earlier plans and save the lives of people in India as well as up to 1500 km around it. 
  4. It will help the mariners for far navigation and fisherman for get information about the valuable fisheries location and any disturbance in Sea. 
  5. It will help to make friendly relations with others countries by providing real time information during any calamity or disaster for mitigate its after effect and for making early plans
 
Applications of IRNSS:
  • Terrestrial, Aerial and Marine Navigation.
  • Disaster Management.
  • Vehicle tracking and fleet management.
  • Integration with mobile phones.
  • Precise Timing.
  • Mapping and Geodetic data capture.
  • Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travelers.
  • Visual and voice navigation for drivers.

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