Eco-Sensitive Zone:
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It is created to act as a buffer for further protection in an area within 10 kms around Protected Areas (PAs) such as National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries.
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In case of places with sensitive corridors, connectivity and ecologically important patches, crucial for landscape linkage, even areas beyond 10 km width can be included in the eco-sensitive zone.
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Activities around such areas are regulated and managed so as to protect the environment.
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ESZ is notified under Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forest.
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ESZ Guidelines classify activities under three categories:
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Prohibited: Commercial Mining, Setting of Saw Mill, Setting of industries causing pollution, establishment of major hydroelectric projects etc.
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Regulated: Felling of Trees, Establishment of hotels and resorts, erection of electrical cables, drastic change of agricultural systems etc.
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Permitted: Ongoing agriculture and horticulture practices by local communities, rain water harvesting, organic farming etc.
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Many states are opposed to ESZ because of presence of minerals and resources side by side.
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Local people in many areas are also opposed to ESZ for loss of livelihood due to restriction placed by it on various activities