There are three types of schemes:
- Central schemes / Central Sector Schemes:
- These schemes are funded and implemented by the union government.
- Usually they are schemes related to the subjects over which union government has jurisdiction as per Schedule VII
- Centrally Sponsored Schemes:
- These schemes are funded by the Union Government or Union as well as State government but implemented by State governments.
- Funding pattern may be 50:50,75:25 etc.
- North Eastern and Hilly states generally have patter of 90:10
- State schemes: These schemes are funded and implemented by the state governments.
Changes in Centrally Sponsored Schemes in recent past? (Facts given for better understanding only)
- Announced in 2016 Budget : Each scheme will have a sunset date i.e. in the beginning it will be decided till when the scheme will run. Midterm reviews will further decide whether the scheme is to be extended or not.
- Earlier there were too many schemes, which did not yielded desired result because of:
- Bureaucratic mindset (Budget maximisation tendency)
- Duplication of efforts (No coordination among various schemes)
- Number of schemes are being reduced :
- UPA : There were 147 Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)
- In 2013, UPA reduced CSS to 66
- In 2014, NDA added 6 more CSS leading to total 72 CSS
- In 2015, NITI Ayog constituted a Panel under Chairmanship of Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan, which recommended to reduce CSS to 27 only.
- Based on the recommendation of Shiv Raj Singh Chauhan Panel, government is restructuring CSSs.
- Government has reduced the number of centrally sponsored schemes (CSS) from 66 to 28 umbrella schemes, effective from the financial year 2016-17
How restructuring is being done?
- Schemes are now classified into three types :
- Core of the Core (Total 6 schemes)
- Core (Total 20 schemes)
- Optional (Total 2 schemes)
- Special Category states are : 11 total ( 8 North Eastern states + 3 Himalayan states i.e. Uttarakhand, HP & JK)
- Funding pattern for these type of schemes would be:
- For Core of the Core
- For General Category states : Existing pattern
- For Special Category states : Existing pattern
- For Core
- For General Category states : 60 : 40 (i.e. 60% by centre, 40% by state)
- For Special Category states : 90 : 10 (i.e. 90% by centre, 10% by state)
- For Optional
- For General Category states : 50 : 50 (i.e. 50% by centre, 50% by state)
- For Special Category states : 80 : 20 (i.e. 80% by centre, 20% by state)
- Core of the Core Schemes:
- MGNREGA
- National Social Assistance Program (For Senior citizens, widows etc.)
- Umbrella Scheme for SC (All schemes for SC in one)
- Umbrella Scheme for ST (All schemes for ST in one)
- Umbrella Scheme for OBC (All schemes for OBC in one)
- Umbrella Scheme for Minorities (All schemes for Minorities in one)
- Core Schemes:
-
- Green Revolution
- Krishi Unnati Yojana
- Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
- White Revolution – Rashtriya Pashudhan Vikas Yojana (Livestock Mission, Veternary Services and Dairy Development)
- Blue Revolution
- Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
- Accelarated Irrigation Benefit and Flood Management Program (Har Khet Ko Pani)
- Per Drop More Crop
- Integrated Watershed Development Program
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- National Rural Drinking Water Mission
- Swachh Bhart Abhiyan
- SBA – Rural
- SBA – Urban
- National Health Mission
- NHM – Rural and Urban Mission
- NHM – Human Resource in Health and Medical Education
- NHM – AYUSH
- Rashtriya Shasthya Suraksha Yojana
- National Education Mission
- NEM – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
- NEM – Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
- NEM – Teacher’s Training and Adult Education
- NEM – Rashtriya Ucchatar Shiksha Abhiyan
- Mid Day Meals Program
- Integrated Child Development Scheme (Umbrella ICDS)
- Core ICDS
- National Nutrition Mission
- Maternity Benefits Program
- Scheme for Adolescent Girls
- Integrated Child Protection Schemes
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
- PMAY – Rural
- PMAY – Urban
- Forestry and Wild Life
- National Mission for Green India
- Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats
- Conservation for Natural Resources and Ecosystems
- Urban Rejuvenation Missions – SMART Cities and AMRUT
- Modernisation of Police Forces
- Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary
- Member of Parliament Local Area Development Schemes
- Green Revolution
- Optional Schemes: (Because all states don’t need them)
-
- Border Area Development Program
- National River Conservation Plan
you provided only 18 core schemes, where is the remaining two?