What is the cryogenic stage?
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A cryogenic stage is the last stage of space launch vehicles, which makes use of cryogenics. The word refers to the technology of sub-zero temperature, where production and behaviour of materials are studied at below -150 degrees Centigrade.
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A Cryogenic rocket stage is more efficient and provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant, compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellant rocket stages.
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However, the cryogenic stage is technically a very complex system compared to solid or earth-storable liquid propellant stages. It is because of the use of propellants at extremely low temperatures and the associated thermal and structural problems.