Context:
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The two countries were undergoing severe tensions since May 2020. It is when the Chinese army entered 8 km inside Eastern Ladakh.
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This Chinese encroachment along east of finger 8 along the LAC (Line of Actual Control) led to unprecedented clashes. The most severe was the Galwan valley clash that caused casualties at both ends.
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Almost 10 months after the first clash, China agreed to enter into a conciliatory agreement.
About the agreement:
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It calls for a systematic and coordinated withdrawal along the northern and southern banks of Pangong Tso region.
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China has to pull back its troops at Siriraj, east of Finger 8 and dismantle infrastructure created after April 2020.
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India has to return to its Dhan Singh Thapa Post near Finger 3.
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A temporary moratorium on patrolling activities has been imposed along the northern bank of Pangong Tso.
Reasons behind China’s altered stance:
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Good diplomacy was shown by the Indian government that didn’t surrender to Chinese demands.
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A strategic advantage was gained by Indian army at Kailash heights in the southern bank which enhanced its bargaining power.
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China realized that a long stand-off will only hamper bilateral relations and would give little gain.
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Growing closeness of India-US and their greater engagement in the QUAD group, might have pressurized China to alter its stance.
Way Forward:
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The agreement must be implemented in letter and spirit to re-instil the lost trust between the countries.
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The focus should be on doing robust verification and monitoring in order to ensure its effective implementation.
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The success of this disengagement agreement will also open gates for negotiation on other friction points like Hot Springs and Depsang plains.