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Inter-State River Disputes |
States Involved |
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Cauvery Water Dispute |
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala |
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The Krishna Water Dispute |
Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh |
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Tungabhadra Water Dispute |
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka |
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The Aliyar And Bhivani River Water Dispute |
Tamil Nadu and Kerala |
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The Godavari River Water Dispute |
Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Karnataka |
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The Narmada Water Dispute |
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan |
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The Mahi River Dispute |
Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh |
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The Ravi And Beas River Water Dispute |
Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir and Delhi |
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The Satluj-Yamuna Link Canal Dispute |
Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan |
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The Yamuna River Water Dispute |
Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Delhi |
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The Karmanasa River Water Dispute |
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar |
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The Barak River Water Dispute |
Assam and Manipur |
Two important constitutional articles related the water disputes
Article 262
- Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-state rivers or river valleys
- Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter State river or river valley
- Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may by law provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such disputes
Article 263
Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council: If any time it appears to the President that the public interests would be served by the establishment of a Council charged with the duty of
- inquiring into and advising upon disputes which may have arisen between States;
- investigating and discussing subjects in which some or all of the States, or the Union and one or more of the States, have a common interest; or
- making recommendations upon any such subject and, in particular, recommendations for the better coordination of policy and action with respect to that subject, in shall be lawful for the President by order to establish such a Council, and to define the nature of the duties to be performed by it and its organisation and procedure
Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956
- The Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956 (IRWD Act) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted under Article 262 of Constitution of India on the eve of reorganization of states on linguistic basis to resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use, control and distribution of an interstate river or river valley.
- Whenever the riparian states are not able to reach amicable agreements on their own in sharing of interstate river water, section 4 of IRWD Act provides dispute resolution process in the form of Tribunal.